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General Assembly
resolution 181, of Nov. 29, 1947:
It calls for the partition of Palestine into Jewish and Arab
states, with Jerusalem to be controlled by a "special
international regime" to protect its holy places. The Zionist
movement seeking to establish a Jewish state accepted the partition,
the Palestinians rejected it. After Israel declared its independence
on May 14, 1948, war broke out pitting the nascent state against
Palestinians and the surrounding Arab states that invaded. Israel
gained more land than it would have had under the partition
resolution. Neither Israel nor Jordan, which controlled the divided
parts of Jerusalem after the war, accepted control of the holy city by
an international body.
General Assembly
resolution 194, Dec. 11, 1948:
It says Palestinian refugees "wishing to return to their homes
and live in peace with their neighbors should be permitted to do so at
the earliest practicable date." Israel objected to the return of
the refugees, and negotiations over allowing a limited number back
eventually broke down.
The United Nations at the time judged there were about 750,000
Palestinian refugees; Israel said there were fewer, the Palestinians
said more. Estimates are that the refugees and their descendants now
number more than 4 million. The resolution, passed during a brief
cease-fire in the two-year war that followed creation of the Jewish
state, calls for many other steps, including internationalization of
Jerusalem and holy sites in Bethlehem and Nazareth.
Security Council
resolution 242, Nov. 22, 1967:
It calls for "withdrawal of Israel armed forces from
territories occupied" in the 1967 Six Day War and for
"respect for and acknowledgment of the sovereignty, territorial
integrity and political independence of every State in the area and
their right to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries
free from threats or acts of force." The resolution was not
carried out because the Arab side did not recognize Israel, and Israel
refused to withdraw.
Israel maintains that since the resolution speaks of
"territories" and not "the territories" it does
not mean withdrawal from all the occupied lands; opponents counter
this by pointing to the resolution's preamble which speaks of
"the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by
war."
Security Council resolution 338, adopted Oct. 22, 1973, after the
Middle East war that year, reaffirms resolution 242.
General Assembly
resolution 3379, Nov. 10, 1975:
It says that Zionism "is a form of racism and racial
discrimination." Israel always maintained this resolution shows
the bias toward it by the United Nations.
The resolution was pushed by the Eastern Bloc and African states that
accused Israel of supporting the apartheid government in South Africa.
The resolution was passed by a vote of 72 to 35, with 32 abstentions.
It was rescinded on Dec. 16, 1991, by a vote of 111-25, with 13
abstentions and 17 nations absent or not voting.
Security Council
resolution 425, March 19, 1978:
It calls on Israel to immediately withdraw its armed forces from
southern Lebanon after Israel's first major invasion of its neighbor.
Israel withdrew most of its forces but maintained its control over the
area through a proxy Lebanese militia which it financed and armed.
Israel again invaded in 1982, prompting Security Council resolution
509 of June 6, 1982, which called for the immediate and unconditional
withdrawal of Israeli troops. Israel eventually withdrew its forces in
May 2000 after a lengthy guerrilla war fought by the Lebanese,
Iranian-backed Hezbollah militia. Israel's proxy Lebanese force
immediately fell apart.
Security Council
resolution 452, July 20, 1979:
It says Israel's practice of establishing settlements in the
occupied territories "has no legal validity and constitutes a
violation of the Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection
of Civilian Persons in Time of War" and calls on Israel to cease
building settlements. Israel has continued to build and enlarge its
settlements; it maintains that the Fourth Geneva Conventions do not
apply.
For a list of all U.N. resolutions, go to www.un.org/Depts/dpa/qpal/index.html
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| Israel
has refused all UN resolution, and still violates all human rights and the
dignity of Palestinians to live in their own land. |
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